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Tomorrow after Quiz - Fermentation Presentation
Fermentation on very generally (MC) on quiz
Quiz Tomorrow
SNC 1PE
Periodic Table and Atomic Structure
Quiz Friday
17 comments:
Can you post the answers for the review questions on the blog?
How do adp and ATP differ in structure
do we have to memorize the diagrams
@Ghofran
ADP contains two phosphate groups and ATP contains three.
I don't have a copy of the questions in front of me but you have all the resources at your disposal to find the answers out.
You should be familiar with the names and be able to identify molecules as being from either glycolysis, krebs, ETC, or fermentation. You should also know glucose is 6 C and Pyruvate has 3 C, etc.
12. A newborn is diagnosed with severe neurological abnormalities. Urinalysis reveals abnormally large amounts of a-ketoglutarate in the urine. Propose a hypothesis to explain the test result.
So does this mean that the Krebs cycle will stop at a-ketoglutarate and not enough energy will be produced?
You have lots of alpha-ketoglutarate so that means the enzyme to convert it to the next step succinyl CoA is not functioning. Less NADH (1 vs 3) and no FADH, no substrate level phosphorylation = less ATP directly, and less through ETC
Futher
What is an enzyme made of?
Where do these macromolecules originate?
What type of defect might cause this?
This question isn't on the quiz tomorrow but is a good question in general for future tests.
@Lina
It means that something is stopping the Kreb Cycle from fully processing, this is because there is the absence of the enzyme that alters alpha-ketagultarate to Succinyl-CoA (by removing CO2 and adding CoA and reducing NAD to NADH). This enzyme is known as Alpha-Ketoglutarate Dehydrogenase. Because the Kreb Cycle is incomplete, the intermediate molecules cannot be fully processed back into Oxaloacetate, which is necessary to initiate the next cycle. This means that Pyruvates coming from Glycolysis will not go through the Kreb cycle, so NADH and FADH production will be inhibited. The Kreb cycle reduces 6 NAD to NADH and 2 FAD to FADH2, which go on to the Electron Transport Chain to produce ATP. In short, because the Kreb Cycle is being inhibited, there is significantly less NADH and FADH2 production, meaning only a small amount of ATP can be extracted from Glucose. The body metabolizes only a small fraction of the food that is digested.
Oh sorry Lina, Ms. Wiens beat me to it lol
Extra answers are always good, especially late at night. Keep asking, keep answering.
At least one question from each group was added to the quiz.
Knowledge /14 (Mainly MC), Inquiry /8 (Short Answer) and Application /8 (SA) with one bonus mark available (MC).
Message the Fermentation group and get them to post as one of the application questions came from them (fermentation related though not a lot of detail on process itself needed)
GLYCOLOSIS
----------
Multiple Choice
1) Which one of these molecules in glycolysis gives up a phosphate to convert ADP into ATP?
A) Phosphoenolpyruvate (answer)
B) Fructose 6-Phosphate
C) 1-3-Bisphoglycerate
D) 2-Phosphoglycerate
E) Glucose 6-Phosphate
2) In the glycolytic pathway ATP is synthesized by which one of the following methods?
A) Phosphorylation
B) Phosphorolysis
C) Substrate-level phosphorylation (answer)
D) Oxidative phosphorylation
E) Protein Synthesis
3) Substrate-level phosphorylation occurs twice in glycolysis. This involves the donation of inorganic phosphates from carbon compounds to ADP. How many carbons do these carbon compounds consist of?
A)1
B)3 (answer)
C)4
D)6
E)9
Short Answer
1) What step in glycolysis is the enzyme phosphofructokinase required and explain its expected behaviour in the presence of low ATP and high ATP concentration.
2) Considering only the carbon atoms of the reactants involved during glycolysis, illustrate substrate level phosphorylation using a chemical formula or a diagram.
Answer: C3~Pi + ADP --- >C3 + ATP
1) Explain the difference between ethanol fermentation, and lactic acid fermentation.
Ethanol fermentation requires CO2 to be removed from pyruvate 1st, then it receives a Hydrogen from NADH, making NAD+, as opposed to lactic acid where pyruvate is reduced directly.
MC :
1) what compound accepts hydrogen from NADH after CO2 is removed from pyruvate, in ethanol fermentation?
A = Acetaldehyde
2)what is the net energy gain per glucose molecule, in fermentation?
A = 2 ATP
3)why does anaerobic respiration use much less energy then aerobic respiration?
a) there is an incomplete breakdown of respiratory substrate
b) the organism does not follow krebs cycle or ETC after going through anaerobic respiration
c) less ATP generated and being reused
d) both a & b
e) both b & c
the answer is D
@Fahad
Thanks !
Hey guys, I can't seem to remember the 3rd multiple choice question. If I get it, I'll post it. This should be all it for the other questions though. I posted just the answers for the multiple choice questions, as I don't remember the order for the other options.
MULTIPLE CHOICE
What is the total ATP yield of Aerobic Cellular Respiration:
36 ATP
Where does the Electron Transport Chain occur:
Inner Membrane (of Mitochondria)
SHORT ANSWER
What is the of ATP Synthase Complex and its function?
- complex of integral membrane proteins
- associated with the ETC, however not a direct part of the ETC sequence
- the ETC creates a chemiosmotic gradient, by building a concentration of protons (hydrogen ions) in the Intermembrane space. this creates potential energy
- channel that facilitates the passive diffusion of Protons (hydrogen ions) across the Inner Membrane, from the Intermembrane Space to the Matrix. This releases the potential energy, it is known as Chemiosmosis
- energy released from the ions transporting is what activates the synthesis of ADP and an inorganic Phosphate to form ATP. this is known as oxidative phosphorylation
- in summary, this protein complex channels the hydrogen ions down its concentration gradient, releasing its potential energy, which allows ADP to be phosphylated to ATP
What is the chemical equation of the redox reaction between the Cytochrome Oxidase Complex and the Oxygen molecules that occurs at the end of ETC?
- 1/2O2 + 2H + 4e- --> H2O
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